Drainage

 Drainage is a techniques of removing of the excessive water from an area. The drainage is used in different perspective now a days from agriculture to sewerage and industrial sewerage to medicinal implement. 

The natural drainage is caused by naturally made canal or drainage. The drainage system should be are in two class. 

Closed system drainage 

Open water system drainage 

Rainfall, irrigation in agriculture land should be connected with drainage system. These excessive water can easily discharge through open water. But the water of industrial sewerage may mixed with a large scale of chemicals and toxic elements that may cause a significant level of health hazard. So, these water from sewerage should be treat before pull it on open water.

When water from agriculture land should be drained? The soil that infiltrate with water is called saturated water. Infiltration of water into soil filtrate the pore in soil. The unsaturated soil forwards to saturates by the percolation of water. If soil is completely saturated with water it is very harmful for plants because plant root also requires air.  Hence, drainage water from soil surface and reirrigation may ensure water and air for plant root. 

Drainage should done from surface or from rootzone. Based on that drainage are in two types.

Surface water drainage : Drainage of water from surface soil.

Deep drainage: Water drainage from the root zone.

Deep drainage are in two class 

Open deep drainage : drainage by an open deep furrow or canal. 

Closed deep drainage : Drainage by a deep buried pipe from the water of rootzone.